India's Siang Upper Dam Project Sparks Fresh Protests Amid China's Largest Dam Plans

The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project, a 11,200-MW hydropower project in Arunachal Pradesh, has reignited protests amid China's plans to construct the world's largest dam on the Yarlung Tsangpo river. Protests began nearly a month ago, resulting in the detention of four protesters under the Arunachal Pradesh Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 2014, leaving the local indigenous community anxious about displacement and livelihoods.

The reservoir for the project could submerge 27 villages, affect dozens more, and displace 1-1.5 lakh indigenous people. According to the Siang Indigenous Farmers' Forum. The Adi community, which traditionally discusses village affairs through a kebang, a council led by elders, has been vocal about its opposition to the project, citing concerns over land, culture, and identity.

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Chief Minister Pema Khandu has been leading the charge for the Siang Upper project. Officials stated that dialogue is essential for resolving the issue. However, the Adi community remains skeptical, highlighting concerns over the impact on their land, culture, and identity.

The project has been in the works for over 25 years. With the Brahmaputra Board proposing a dam on the Siang in 1982. The project has undergone several changes, including the consolidation of two stages into a single 10,000-MW project in 2017.

China's plans for the Yarlung Tsangpo dam. Approved in December 2024, have sharpened concerns in India about downstream flows and sudden releases of water.

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Experts emphasize the need for free, prior, and informed consent of local tribal communities. In a memorandum submitted this July, Arunachal Pradesh Congress Committee president Bosiram Siram argued that concerns over China's upstream activities should not override the rights of local communities.

The protests have highlighted the need for the government to engage with the Adi community and consider their concerns. As the standoff continues, the Adi community is demanding that the government consult with them and address their concerns. The future of the Siang Upper project remains uncertain, with the fate of the dam hanging in the balance.